ماهنامه معرفت
سال سی‌ام شماره 1 (پیاپی 280، فروردین 1400)

This paper is a commentary on the advices of Imam Mohammad Bagher (PBUH) to Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju’fi, one of his noble companions, regarding the characteristics of the real Shiites. His holiness says, "gain the light of the heart with the constant sorrow". In this phrase, Imam Bagher (PBUH) says to Jabir, "if you seek a luminous heart, persevere in sorrow. One can ask about this sentence, what is the heart? What does it mean that man should always be sorrowful? What should we be sad about? Is any sorrow desirable? Does Islam like sorrow and wants people to always be sad and depressed? or does it want people to be happy? And finally, what is the relationship between sorrow and the light of the heart? This paper seeks to answer these questions.

The family, as a constituent element of human society, has always been considered by the religion of Islam. Given the its different functions and roles of family, it plays an important role in the growth and excellence of society. These functions and roles depend on the existence of appropriate relationships between couples. Using descriptive-analytical and citation analysis method, this paper seeks to answer the question, what is the role of spouse in strengthening the family from the perspective of narrative texts? The findings show that, first, humans tend to interact with like-minded people. Matchmaking strengthens the family because it creates an agreement between the couple. Among the various factors of matchmaking, homogeneity in beliefs and values has a more prominent role in strengthening the family.

The studies regarding the contemporary Iranian families' willingness to childbearing suggests a kind of change in attitudes and desires in this respect. They seem to have important concerns that can be studied and evaluated in the economic, cultural, social and biological fields. Meanwhile, "self-protection / self-preservation" has been declared the most important concern in refusing childbearing by spouses. Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper show that the "spouses self-supporting" is one of the influential variables in refusing childbearing in families. Islamic studies shows that this idea has many problems and consequences that call into question its validity among its supporters. It is therefore appropriate for the men and women of contemporary society to reconsider this idea to provide the ground for childbearing and increasing the young and efficient population of Islamic Iran on a larger scale.

Among the social issues in women and the family studies in today's Iranian society is the growing trend of "celibacy of women and girls." Singleness, including primary and secondary celibacy, arises from various personal and structural causes and factors, and has harmful effects and consequences on the individual and social issues. Given the sacred status of marriage and family formation in the religious texts and the discourse of Iranian society, delay in marriage, especially prolonged delay or definite refusal, conflicts with the philosophy of the family in the Islamic value system. This situation is often voluntary for men and often involuntary for women. The demographers, for a variety of reasons, consider large-scale female celibacy to be detrimental to society and emphasize the need for socio-cultural policy-making and planning to reduce and moderate it. Using analytical-inferential and citation analysis method and referring the statistics and researches that have been done in this respect, this paper seeks to describe, interpret and explain this issue from a theoretical point of view, with the focus on Iranian society after the revolution. In the end, strategies for dealing with this issue is mentioned.

The veil has cultural, social, political and economic dimensions and also has religious, spiritual, dignified, identical and behavioral components that can be studied from different angles. Given the impacts and interactions between the soul and action, the question is, what is basically the relationship between the soul and human clothing from the perspective of the Quran? What is the process of formation and evolution of the soul and practice in Islamic philosophy and in relation to the hijab? Using a descriptive-analytical method and studying the interpretive, philosophical, narrative and some sociological and psychological propositions, this paper seeks to study the topics such as the existence of the soul as well as the mutual interaction of the soul with action and vice versa and the embodiment of actions the results show that basically the relationship between hijab and the status and sanctity of Muslim women and faith is an objective and real relationship. The results show that, basically, hijab has an objective and real relationship with the status and sanctity of Muslim women and faith.

From the viewpoint of the Supreme Leader, Islamic civilization is the common vision of the Islamic Ummah at the macro level and the model of life in Islamic societies at the micro level. In his view, the process of realization of the Islamic civilization has an identifiable process that the formation of the Islamic system, the Islamic state and the Islamic society are among its most important preliminaries. According to Ayatollah Khamenei's theory of civilization, the evolutionary movement of the Islamic Republic of Iran depends on the "civilizational approach" and the realization of important and strategic requirements, which it is worthwhile for scientific and intellectual scholars to explain this theory. Using descriptive-analytical and citation analysis method this paper studies the four cultural, social, economic and political dimensions of progress in the new Islamic-Iranian civilization, from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. Below each dimension, indicators are presented. Methodologically, the formation of the theory of the civilization thought of the Leader of the Revolution has specific characteristics, which are, (I) this idea has emerged in the context of the historical analysis of the civilization experience of the beginning of Islam and the evolution of the presence of Shiism in the field of government in recent centuries. (II) His thought is based on his jurisprudential, philosophical abilities and government positions. (III) This theory develops within the experience of the Revolution and the Islamic Republic of Iran in the present era.

The most fundamental activity of the current of hypocrisy in the Islamic society is the discourse making from their eclectic ideas for changing the intellectual computational of the people of the society and aligning it with the counter-revolutionary ideas of the current of hypocrisy to prepare the conditions for overthrowing the Islamic system, which is the ultimate goal of the current of hypocrisy. To make a discourse based on their thoughts and to influence people's perceptions, this current uses a variety of "verbal" and "media" methods. While analyzing the verses of the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT), this paper enumerates and analyzes the numerous verbal and media methods of the current of hypocrisy for changing the mental and intellectual computational of the people of society. To this end, the above methods are divided into two categories: "direct effects on the people's perception" and "indirect effects on the people's perception."

The nature and the concept of intellect and emotion and, more importantly, their status in religion and religiosity have always been considered by thinkers of religion and the epistemology of religion. As some have emphasized the role of emotion and some the role of intellect. Using qualitative-analysis and desk-research method, this paper studies the status of rationalism and emotionalism in Islam. The results show that Islam does not have a one-dimensional view on this issue, rather the religious texts of Islam, especially the Holy Quran, have paid special attention to intellect and emotion at the same time. Rationalism has been proposed mostly with an ontological approach in the field of world order, epistemology, proof of the existence of God, social relations, legislation, and basically the macro level of religiosity. Emotionalism also inspires love and affection for the Creator of the universe and fellow human beings and it is often discussed in the personal sphere and personal relations of man with the Creator of the universe.

Using a functional, descriptive and correlational research method, this paper seeks to investigate the relationship between information literacy and entrepreneurship of graduate students. The statistical population was 1271 postgraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Qom in the second semester of 1996-97 H.SH. the statistical sample of 295 people who were selected by stratified random sampling. For data collection, two standard questionnaires of information literacy, Yazdani (2012) and entrepreneurship, Margaret Hill (1984) were used with a reliability of 0.80 and 0.85 according to Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis, based on descriptive and inferential methods at the level of t-tests to compare the means of two independent groups, Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression in the form of SPSS statistical analysis software showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurship and information literacy of graduate students. There is a relationship between information literacy components (information location, information evaluation, information needs, information organization and information exchange) and the entrepreneurship of the students that the explanatory power of organizing information is greater than all the components. Despite the better situation of entrepreneurship and information literacy in male students, no significant difference was observed with female students.